Types of Heating Oil: Understanding Your Options

Heating oil is a vital fuel source for millions of homes and businesses, especially in regions that experience harsh winter climates. It powers furnaces and boilers to keep indoor spaces warm and comfortable. While "heating oil" is often used as a general term, there are actually several different types, each with its own characteristics, applications, and benefits. Choosing the right type can impact efficiency, environmental impact, and heating costs.

1. No. 2 Heating Oil (Standard Heating Oil)

No. 2 heating oil is the most common type used in residential heating systems. It is similar in composition to diesel fuel but is dyed red to signify that it is untaxed and designated for off-road use. This oil is stored in tanks and delivered by truck. Its high energy content makes it efficient for home heating, providing consistent warmth even in the coldest temperatures.

No. 2 oil is suitable for indoor or underground storage, and it's used in both furnaces (to heat air) and boilers (to heat water). It burns relatively cleanly and remains the go-to choice for homes using oil heat.

2. No. 1 Heating Oil (Kerosene)

No. 1 heating oil, more commonly known as kerosene, is a lighter and more refined fuel. Because it has a lower viscosity and a lower freezing point than No. 2 oil, it is ideal for outdoor tanks or use in colder climates. Kerosene is less likely to gel or thicken in freezing temperatures, ensuring reliable operation during extreme weather.

This fuel is also used in portable heaters and some older systems that cant handle thicker fuels. It burns cleaner than heavier oils, which can help reduce maintenance on heating equipment.

3. Bioheat (Biodiesel Heating Oil)

Bioheat is an innovative and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional heating oils. It is a blend of standard No. 2 heating oil and biodiesel, which is made from renewable resources such as soybean oil, used cooking oil, and animal fats.

Bioheat is available in various blend levels, such as B5 (5% biodiesel), B10, B20, and even B100. It offers a cleaner burn, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and improved system performance. Best of all, it can be used in existing oil heating systems without modifications. As environmental concerns grow, Bioheat is becoming an increasingly popular option.

4. No. 4 and No. 6 Heating Oils

No. 4 and No. 6 heating oils are heavier fuels generally used in industrial or large commercial buildings.

• No. 4 oil is a blend of No. 2 and No. 6 oils and is used in larger facilities that require high-volume heating.

• No. 6 oil, often referred to as bunker fuel, is very thick and must be pre-heated before it can be pumped or burned. Its used in ships, factories, and power plants.

Due to their high sulfur content and environmental impact, the use of No. 4 and No. 6 oils is being reduced in many areas.

Conclusion

Understanding the different types of heating oil helps homeowners and businesses make informed decisions. Whether you opt for the commonly used No. 2 oil, the cold-weather performance of kerosene, or the eco-friendly benefits of Bioheat, the right fuel can lead to more efficient heating, cost savings, and reduced environmental impact.